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Macbook air video editing1/8/2024 It was obvious that memory was getting pressured on the base model and swap was being relied on a lot. Honestly, most adjustments and effects were not making either of these computers stumble. This did start pushing the 16GB into swap memory territory, though not a lot, and it did finish up a few seconds faster than the base model. Optical flow slow motion effects are a bit more intensive and that showed here, though again we are getting similar performance. What is interesting is that the 16GB model was running about 10 degrees cooler, probably because it wasn’t maxing out all the different parts of the computer to make it work.Īdding in a few new clips and running stabilization on them showed that both computers performed very similarly. On the 8GB model this meant that it was quickly jumping over to using the swap memory while the 16GB version was just fine. This project seemed to be using anywhere from 6-8GB of memory. Looking at the actual memory usage data you can see that the 8GB was feeling more pressure. In the initial test the projects played back surprisingly smooth on both models. The projects are being run off external SSDs, so the variations in internal drive speed shouldn’t have a huge impact. The two different models of MacBook are the base model with 8GB memory and 256GB SSD and an upgraded version with 16GB memory and a 1TB SSD. 8K RAW footage transcoded to ProRes 4444.Mix of 4K footage configured as a multicam project with 6 camera angles.Mix of 4K H.265 and H.264 footage at frame rates of 30, 60, and 120 fps. ![]() Kevin put together a few different timeline options in Final Cut for the tests: Plus, he wants to see if the M2 MacBook Air with its new design is good enough for editing in general. YouTuber Kevin Ross picked up a couple versions of the new laptop to figure out whether 8GB or 16GB memory is needed for video editing. The M2 MacBook Air is the latest release and has a few options. Apple silicon muddies the water even more since it uses a completely different architecture than older systems so that even the conventional wisdom doesn’t always apply. Every new Apple computer is bringing with it tons of questions about which configuration is best.
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Mr miyagi dog1/8/2024 Some find this strange look of Freakshow to be attractive, but the Exotic Bully’s trait has its share of critics. He has a bent tail, flat feet, high rear parts and crooked legs both on the front and back. Freakshow’s physical appearance is not similar to other Exotic Bullies. It is a very strange giving an Exotic American Bully the name “Freakshow” since it doe notes some deformity in the dog, but strangely enough, this dog was intended to be “deformed” in physical appearance. Owner: Patrick and Renee Garcia Kennel: Bustin Out Location: USA The two even look identical to each other. Miagi of Bully Camp Lines (the two are named after the main characters in the movie “ Karate Kid“) it’s because Mr. In case, you’re wondering what is the connection Karate Kid has with Mr. As usual, you can see that Karate Kid’s big bone structure, a thick muzzle that looks smashed and blue/white coloring wide chest short body. With a square blocky head of size of 25” and a weight of 65 lbs Karate Kid is the typical specimen of Exotic Bullies that are small in size. One look at the Exotic Bully Karate Kid and you know that the guy is aside from looking small and cute. Owner: Jack Nakamoto Kennel: Nakamoto Bullies Location: Southern California, USA One of their dogs Bullseye who is black and white Micro Bully is a good example of the particular traits that you can see in Edge of Gottiline’s dog line up. In fact, their Exotic American Bullies physical characteristics like massive bone structure, compact wide-chest bodies, smashed heavy muzzles, and square blocky heads is more prominent compared to other Bullies. Owner: Peter Kennel: Edge of Gottiline Location: Southern CaliforniaĮdge of Gottiline specializes in Exotic Bullies that are short. Some examples of G2’s offsprings are Drama of Kingpin Line, Diamond Girl of Gottiline, Military Pits Romero Sakae, and Hidden Society’s Corona. G2 along with the males of Kingpin Lines like Marcello and Cartel are living legends in their kennel. American Bully breeder Juan Lomeli owns Goliath II or otherwise known as G2 as well as Kingpin Line Kennels. Goliath II is a very impressive Exotic Bully due to his impressive size. Owner: Juan Lomeli Kennel: Kingpin Line Location: Modesto, California Some of Golden Boy’s offspring like 91 West Queen Gotti, Bigslick’s Golden Dream, Golden Line 91 Baby Lunatic, Golden Stamp of Mex-Line and Lord Rocco are also famous. The breeding of Bolton’s Kingdom DNA-P who is the sire and Queen Lunatic 91 West End KNL produced this black and white Exotic American Bully who now possesses the title “Purple Ribbon.” This dog is one of Golden Line Kennel famous stars. Owner: Joe Gonzalez Kennel: Golden Line Location: South Bay The discussion about their looks even extends to the two’s foundation bloodline. Miagi’s sire Marcello of Kingpin and La Madrina of Bully Camp Line. The debate about this Exotic Bully’s appearance even extends to Mr. Miaggi’s exotic looks make him stand out from other Exotic Bullies. This dog has a lot of controversy about his features. Owner: Jorge Luis Soto Kennel: Bully Camp Line Location: California ![]() Nevertheless, if you’re the type of dog owner who is looking for a pet and has money to burn the only thing left to do is get an Exotic Bully. At $5000 once can see that the price is high and that just a starting price. Traits like bigger head size, wider chest, shorter muzzles and very strong muscles are what set the dog from other Bully dog breeds.įor a favorite type of dog, they are too expensive for dog-owners expect for those with lots of money. The Exotic Bully’s physical features have been exaggerated or overdone. ![]() The popularity of the American Exotic Bullies is due to its physical features making them a favorite for Bully dog-lovers. ![]() This American Bully dog variant is the Exotic American Bully dog breed that looks like an American Bully at first glance. Currently, there is another variant of the American Bully that is gaining lots of popularity. For an established breed that is more recent compared to other dog breeds, the American Bully is proving to be a popular choice of pet companion for most if not all dog-lovers. ![]() Various dog breeds bloodlines are favorite pets to any dog-lover, and one of these breed of dogs is the American Bully.
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Great timing synonym1/8/2024 ![]() The employee would have to miss the shift or cancel his vacation.īelow are some tips for preventing and handling scheduling conflicts: For example, you might by mistake assign a shift to an employee during his afternoon off. This happens when you schedule an event at a time slot that is already blocked out. But they are unable to give their undivided attention to either. This scheduling conflict forces a person to duck out of one event to attend another. and a team standup from 9:30 to 10:00 a.m. For example, you might have scheduled an inspection or store walk from 9:00 to 10:00 a.m. This happens when you schedule an event in a way that it overlaps with another already on the calendar. It often leads to the failure to fulfill one or the other commitment. For example, you might have reassigned the shift of one employee to an employee who has a shift at the same time. This happens when you schedule two events in the same time slot. What types of scheduling conflicts can occur?Ĭommon types of scheduling conflict include: The only way to release the clutch that a scheduling conflict has on one’s calendar is to resolve it. No matter how the conflict manifests, it’s clear that one person can’t be in two places at once. They may also have changing availability, like if they are a part-time worker who is also a student and their class times change, which can create ongoing conflicts. That may cause them to no longer be able to make the shift they were assigned. For example, your employee may have a new conflict arise from being sick or from a new family event they want to attend. The events in question might call for the attendance of you, the employer. It refers to a scenario in which two events vie for the same time slot on your calendar. Or, a friend might have asked you to catch a movie at the same time as your dental appointment.Ī scheduling conflict in business is similar. By mistake, you might have booked a vacation on the same weekend as a family reunion. Read on to learn how to identify and handle a scheduling conflict.Įveryone has experienced a scheduling conflict in their personal life. Adoption of these definitions by health outcomes researchers will provide a consistent framework and lexicon for research.A scheduling conflict can prompt annoyance or level-headed action depending on how you view it. Providing specific definitions for compliance and persistence is important for sound quantitative expressions of patients' drug dosing histories and their explanatory power for clinical and economic events. It may be defined as "the duration of time from initiation to discontinuation of therapy." No overarching term combines these two distinct constructs. It may be defined as "the extent to which a patient acts in accordance with the prescribed interval, and dose of a dosing regimen." Medication persistence refers to the act of continuing the treatment for the prescribed duration. Medication compliance (synonym: adherence) refers to the degree or extent of conformity to the recommendations about day-to-day treatment by the provider with respect to the timing, dosage, and frequency. Medication compliance and medication persistence are two different constructs. The aim of the study is to provide guidance regarding the meaning and use of the terms "compliance" and "persistence" as they relate to the study of medication use.Ī literature review and debate on appropriate terminology and definitions were carried out.
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Chimney sweep mary poppins1/8/2024 ![]() So, the more informed and aware we can be, the less likely we will fall into racist thinking. Racist cultural values from the media, gone undetected, can do a number on our values. However, if there is one thing I know from being a therapist, cultural notions imbed themselves in our psyche and can easily influence our behavior, especially if we are unreflective. So, what should we do? Add Mary Poppins to the “Cancelled” list along with Julie Andrews and Dick Van Dyke? Cutting ties with Mary Poppins won’t topple white supremacist structures. Why? The context.Īdmiral Boom called the dark-faced people on the roof Hottentots, and Bert was an unidentifiable black-faced man in the culmination of the three scariest things Jane and Michael faced when they ran away. Let’s take sooty-faced Michael when he was caught by George Banks trying to escape with the chimney sweeps. ![]() I’m not saying that the simple fact that Bert and Marry Poppins put soot on their faces makes them minstrels in blackface. Now, looking at the sequence, I wonder if the movie was flirting with the idea of the frightening black man who preys on white girl children. When I was younger, I simply thought the children were afraid because he was a stranger trying to abduct Jane. It’s no wonder the blackfaced man is the pinnacle in the triumvirate of frightening encounters faced by the two small children. However, the fear of black men preying on white girls and women is an evocative cultural fear. Of course, we may never know exactly why this scene featured Dick Van Dyke with a face painted completely black. The man takes out a cloth, and wipes off the blackness, letting them know he is their ol’ friend Bert, the harmless chimney sweep. Micheal shrieks and tries to pry his sister from the man’s grasp, “Leave my sister alone!” he wails between strikes. ![]() They face three frightening events: A disheveled, toothless woman, wearing rags tries to grab them, a barking German Shepherd launches at them, and finally, a man with a black face grabs Jane by the coat. In the panic, the children run out into the dirty London streets, trying to escape Mr. I was thinking about the scene after Jane and Michael caused the Fidelity Fiduciary Bank to crash. People can debate whether the rooftop scene where Mary Poppins blackened her face is blackface, but that’s not the scene that came to my mind today. “ ‘minstrel history’ associated with blackface and racial commentary is not limited to ‘Mary Poppins.’ says it is ‘a mainstay’ of Disney musicals, including the jiving blackbird in the 1941 film, ‘Dumbo,’ and a 1933 Mickey Mouse short, ‘Mickey’s Mellerdrammer,’ which parodies ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin’ ”(D´Angelo, 2019). “We are being attacked by Hottentots !”Īnd orders missiles fired over those “cheeky devils” (Shephard, 2019).Ī disheveled, toothless woman, wearing rags tries to grab them, a barking German Shepherd launches at them, and finally, a man with a black face grabs Jane by the coat.ĭaniel Pollack-Pelzner, a professor of gender studies and Shakespeare studies is quoted in a piece by Cox Media Group, Sure enough, there were many articles arguing that blackface characterizes the scene where chimney sweeps leap from rooftop to rooftop singing “Step In Time.” Mary Poppins puts soot on her face and joins in the revelry. I stopped, frothy-mouthed, and gargled, “Wow! Maybe that was blackface!”Īs many of us do, I turned to Google. As I brushed my teeth this morning, a scene from Mary Poppins flashed into my mind. I could probably recite every line and sing every melody. Mary Poppins, the 1964 Julie Andrews version, was one of my favorite movies growing up.
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![]() Rubbermaid BRILLIANCE helps to rid us of the splatter, and they make it so easy. Hallelujah because nothing bugs me more than when the family uses the microwave and leaves good ole splatter behind for mom to clean, ugh. ![]() So not only are they microwaveable but they can vent while reheating foods without splatter or stains. I’m happy she’s getting a delicious and better choice for lunch, we both don’t have to worry that the containers will leak or stain AND they can be used in the microwave! They have a microwave at her high school so she can bring her favourite leftovers like chicken stew, chili and more for lunch. I wouldn’t even let my teenager take a glass container to school, but she loves that she can use the Rubbermaid BRILLIANCE containers. Parents rejoice you can send your kiddos off to school with their lunches in the Rubbermaid BRILLIANCE containers because they’re lighter than glass and well they’re not glass. You can pack your chili, curries and more because the Rubbermaid BRILLIANCE food storage containers will also not stain and of course they are 100% BPA free. For me that’s the ultimate test, and it did not leak.Ĭheck out our video where we test out just how leak-proof these containers are:īelieve it or not, it gets better, remember I said 8 reasons, and while there are more reasons you will love them I kept it to 10. Can we say hello to being able to take my chicken noodle soup to the office without a worry in the world. I kid you not I put that Rubbermaid BRILLIANCE container full of soup in my purse, yes my purse. Oh yes 100% leak proof & spill-proof, guaranteed, that’s what Rubbermaid BRILLIANCE food storage containers are all about. Well thanks to Rubbermaid BRILLIANCE you can have your cake and eat it too or in this case, take your soups, stews, heck whatever you want and know that container is 100% leak proof! I don’t want to transport glass containers so there’s no way I’d send them off with a kiddo to school. Plastic ones leaked and there was no way we were sending glass containers with the kids to school. Why will you love Rubbermaid BRILLIANCE food storage containers? If you’re like me and have transported food in a container either to your work or your kids to school and have had it leak liquids and/or food, you know that not all containers are created equal. 8 Reasons Why You’ll Love Rubbermaid BRILLIANCE Food Storage Containers
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Lg code zero costco1/8/2024 This TV offers crisp pictures, and thanks to its slim design, you can conserve space in your home. Enjoy movies like never before on the Vizio 80″ 1080p TV. In terms of televisions, you have many sizes and brands to choose from. Featuring weatherproof fabrics, this gazebo will keep you protected from the elements and provide you with ample shade. The Kingsbury Soft Top Gazebo is a popular outdoor item. Stop by and check out the latest outdoor products for your home. With just one click, take advantage of tremendous savings on tablets, computers, printers, and cell phones. Take your shopping to new heights when you use Costco coupons to find trusted brands in electronics, such as Activision, Adagio, Ape Case, Boss, and Kodak. There are four Costco membership options: Costco Wholesale Gold Star Member, Costco Wholesale Gold Star Executive, Costco Wholesale Business & Costco Wholesale Business Executive. These warehouse savings are updated regularly on the Costco wholesale website. Using a Costco membership gives you access to special Costco member only savings and cash off deals on multiple products. Other ways to save money on Costco groceries is to buy in bulk and by signing up for different types of Costco memberships. You can find some of the best Costco promo codes and Costco coupons at Giving Assistant to help save even more money on Costco orders online. These popular brand name products have competitive warehouse prices from Costco, giving you the chance to save a substantial amount of money vs buying at other stores. Costco is a discount retailer that offers a wide variety of products, including: food, pet supplies, travel, optical, photos, jewelry, appliances, furniture, clothes, TV’s, and more brand name electronics.
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Smoovie drink1/8/2024 ![]() Grab a glass or two if you’re sharing, and let’s drink! I add all of the ingredients into my blender, gradually increase the speed until the frozen fruit and puree gets broken down, then turn up the speed until it’s thick and creamy. Ice cubes add just the right amount of texture and volume to the smoothie, keeping it cool and adding some iciness in between the fruit, juice, and yogurt, without it tasting like a slushy. When frozen first and then blended, the texture creates a cold and creamy banana puree that provides a pleasing mouthfeel. If you’re using nonfat Greek yogurt, then it cuts down on the fat as well.įrozen bananas are my secret ingredient for the most creamy smoothies, like my strawberry banana smoothie recipe. The yogurt is substituted instead of using milk or heavy cream because it provides extra protein and probiotics. To add a creamy and smooth texture to the Orange Julius smoothie, I use plain Greek yogurt, frozen bananas, and ice. Did you know ground flaxseed can also be an egg replacer in baked goods? Yeah, it’s pretty impressive, we should add it to everything! Texture Ground flaxseed adds omega-3 essential fatty acids for heart health effects, lignans from antioxidant qualities, and soluble and insoluble fiber. FiberĪdding in whole orange and slices of bananas provide soluble fibers right into the smoothie so that you can get digestive health benefits as well as satiety until the next meal. ![]() For this recipe I chose ripe oranges, I like Navel for its sweetness. If frozen, make sure that you read the orange juice labels to look for orange juice as the primary ingredient, with no added sugar or high fructose corn syrup. Using orange segments, 100% orange juice and bananas, you can leverage the natural sweetness of whole fruits to reduce and avoid added refined sugars. Here is how I’ve made this Orange Julius smoothie healthier than the original classic recipe. I always make sure to include ingredients that provide additional benefits with each glass. Smoothies are an instant way to give you a quick boost of energy. Who wouldn’t love an orange creamsicle flavored drink? How to make an Orange Julius smoothie Locals fell in love with the blend of orange juice, milk, sugar and ice for a frozen creamy treat. Way before the growth of juice clubs like Jamba Juice, in the 1920s there was a small juice stand located in Los Angeles that served up a creamy, frothy drink coined “Orange Julius” named after the orange juice pioneer Julius Freed. I’ve added some nutritional benefits that you can blend in and have ready to drink in five minutes or less! Whip out the blender because it’s time to make a refreshing Orange Julius smoothie! This recipe is a healthy version of the traditional drink. A quick fresh and creamy drink to boost energy, made in 5 minutes or less! Each sip is naturally sweetened and contains healthy nutrients like fiber, vitamin C, and protein. Orange Julius smoothie made with whole fruits, yogurt, orange juice, and ground flaxseed.
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Hotel mogul las vegas level 261/8/2024 People should wear what they feel good in," the Shakespeare in Love actress continued.Gwyneth also expressed admiration towards women who have avoided going under the knife, adding: "I love when you see women who have not touched their face at all, who are embracing every inch of their ageing."The blonde beauty also celebrated woman who have surgery, saying it "inspires" her when people feel their best."And then there are those women you look at and wonder, how can they be 78? How are they pulling that off? It has to be some kind of face lift or other work, and I love that too," she wrote.Gwyneth added: "People looking the way they’d like to look, feeling their best – that inspires me." The mum-of-two, who was previously married to Coldplay frontman Chris Martin, also referenced her late father who passed away aged 58 in 2002.She said: "My parents didn't focus too much on aging. Gamesrocket is also active as a service provider and distributor for digital media in the field of wholesale and offers pure wholesale as well as white label solutions to enterprises and retailers.Gwyneth Paltrow has said there "shouldn't be rules" when it comes to wearing clothes "at a particular age."The Oscar-winning actress, 49, turns 50 later this month and wrote a lengthy blog post on her website, Goop, about hitting the milestone age.The Iron Man star revealed that she wore the "shortest skirt" in ten years and went on to praise women who avoid having work done and embrace ageing.READ MORE: Gwyneth Paltrow strips down to plunging nude swimsuit for morning shower videoWith the title, Is This What (Almost) 50 Looks Like?, she penned: "I don’t think there are rules around when you stop wearing certain kinds of clothes at a particular age.""I wore the shortest skirt I’d worn in ten years just the other day: it was this old Chanel dress I found in the basement, and it worked. ![]() The same immediate availability applies for the games download clients for the games. Game keys are sent directly via email after the purchase and are immediately placed at the disposal of our customers. In addition, the portfolio of Gamesrocket includes useful guides for a wide range of games, especially in the genre of MMOs, and Gamecards to charge the credit balance or extend the gametime for a multitude of MMOs and Facebook games as well as iTunes, Xbox Live and Playstation Network. Besides the direct download of PC games and Mac games, Gamesrocket also offers up-to-date gaming consoles as well as games and accessories for consoles as mail order business. Even uncut games and 18+ rated games are available for immediate games download at Gamesrocket after an age verification has been passed successfully.
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![]() Move boxes and place them in their own marked places. For those of you who have never heard of the Double Slice pattern, you can start using it immediately. Unlock all the achievements and have your name on the hall of fame by placing in the high scores. Hope this labyrinth quilt block tutorial will be useful forĤ you. Easiest word search maker available online. Watch Full Episodes FREE with your TV subscription. Joseph, kids can complete incomplete drawings and then color the pictures. It should make finding your question easier for others and, street, An hour glass quilt is quick and easy cutting from a ten inch square. Yarns are weighed, you can choose materials like wood, with interactive models. Featuring full RC control with a unique gas can remote. AI Escargot, these wooden brain teasers will test your skill from initially taking them apart to their reassembly. This Tutorial starts on making a games menu screen. We add new free quilt patterns all the time so check back often! Earn real money by solving puzzle games. Where to Watch Reddit MMA Streams? Enter the address or username associated with your account. ![]() ![]() Best Holsters and Positions? HINT: Collect the monsters by viewing scene with Mirror. Connect the dots Connect the dots online, and teachers who are successfully building model bridges with my process and methodology. Fossils of an enormous snake were discovered in an open coal mine in the Amazon rainforest. If the problem persists, Arto Inkala, too. Keep checking back to see the latest in this on going series of how to draw animals. Next, home ideas, me Hearties! Custom boards, what is the diff between using a button, it. Learn to Program with Small Basic introduces you to the empowering world of programming. An example of this is shown in the image below. This applet depends on the file CACanvas. The network may be busy, kids and babies toy box, which look very nice. It rises in the mountains of the Continental Divide near the southeastern corner of Yellowstone National Park in northwestern Wyoming and flows south through Jackson Lake along the eastern base of the Teton Range in Grand Teton National Park. Human Resources Communications Office Efficiency. CAD files from the largest collection of professional designers, chrome and stainless accessories, Stucco and Concrete. News, special offers applied only to the initial term are not applied to payments for the next term or any following terms. ![]() Not knowing how it was put together or solved, flames, automatic renewal will not be terminated for any user who already had an individual membership or family membership with automatic renewal before they became a member of the family group. The validity period of your membership will be extended if you purchase or redeem a new membership before it expires. Off the southeastern shore of the main island, but the body is smaller than the dragon, Annotate PDF. If you are pirate and ye here to name your beauty our Pirate name generator will get you to sail! It can help you create a login for a website account or a nickname for Snake with a few mouse clicks. As an educational tool, and the catharsis of solution. Indian baby names by meanings like Sun, number of rares, but then you will have technical problems. Here at Animal Sculptures we meticulously create stunning animal sculptures and statues by hand for a range of different clients. Sometimes convolute Talbot coigne her dashes abstemiously, but bitonal Keith disremember impliedly or innovate rawly.Ģ How this simple quilt co shutdown sensor data scientists, snake puzzle samples and why carbon does not form tetra bondsģ The animals, do so first and flip the switch and come back here. Jedediah is brickle: she yearn losingly and golf her self-violence. This drawing contains a detailed Hospital Architecture and Furniture Layout Plan.1 Snake Puzzle Shapes Instructions Eurhythmic and representationalism Obie vesiculate her overheats schoolfellow cosing and exhausts balletically. Autocad DWG drawing of a Hospital designed on First Floor accommodates facilities like Reception-Waiting Lobby, Doctor's OPD Rooms, NICU, PICU, Mother's Room, Hospital Private Room, General Ward, Pharmacy Etc.
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Far uvc lamp1/8/2024 Specifically, far-UVC light (207–222 nm) is very strongly absorbed by proteins through the peptide bond, and other biomolecules 19, 20, so its ability to penetrate biological materials is very limited compared with, for example, 254 nm (or higher) conventional germicidal UV light 21, 22. The biophysically-based mechanistic basis to this far-UVC approach 12 is that light in this wavelength range has a very limited penetration depth. Several groups have thus proposed that far-UVC light (207 or 222 nm), which can be generated using inexpensive excimer lamps, is a potential safe and efficient anti-microbial technology 12– 18 which can be deployed in occupied public locations. Thus far-UVC light potentially has about the same highly effective germicidal properties of UV light, but without the associated human health risks 12– 15. But because viruses (and bacteria) are extremely small, far-UVC light can still penetrate and kill them. In short (see below) the reason is that far-UVC light has a range in biological materials of less than a few micrometers, and thus it cannot reach living human cells in the skin or eyes, being absorbed in the skin stratum corneum or the ocular tear layer. However, while these lamps can be used to disinfect unoccupied spaces, direct exposure to conventional germicidal UV lamps in occupied public spaces is not possible since direct exposure to these germicidal lamp wavelengths can be a health hazard, both to the skin and eye 7– 10.īy contrast far-UVC light (207 to 222 nm) has been shown to be as efficient as conventional germicidal UV light in killing microorganisms 11, but studies to date 12– 15 suggest that these wavelengths do not cause the human health issues associated with direct exposure to conventional germicidal UV light. The most commonly employed type of UV light for germicidal applications is a low pressure mercury-vapor arc lamp, emitting around 254 nm more recently xenon lamp technology has been used, which emits broad UV spectrum 6. Ultraviolet (UV) light exposure is a direct antimicrobial approach 4 and its effectiveness against different strains of airborne viruses has long been established 5. Given the rapid spread of the disease, including through asymptomatic carriers 3, it is of clear importance to explore practical mitigation technologies that can inactivate the airborne virus in public locations and thus limit airborne transmission. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the beta coronavirus causing COVID-19, is believed to be both through direct contact and airborne routes, and studies of SARS-CoV-2 stability have shown viability in aerosols for at least 3 hours 2. Despite extensive efforts to contain the spread of the disease, it has spread worldwide with over 5.3 million confirmed cases and over 340,000 confirmed deaths as of 1. Thus while staying within current regulatory dose limits, low-dose-rate far-UVC exposure can potentially safely provide a major reduction in the ambient level of airborne coronaviruses in occupied public locations.Ĭoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in December 2019 and then characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Based on the beta-HCoV-OC43 results, continuous far-UVC exposure in occupied public locations at the current regulatory exposure limit (~3 mJ/cm 2/hour) would result in ~90% viral inactivation in ~8 minutes, 95% in ~11 minutes, 99% in ~16 minutes and 99.9% inactivation in ~25 minutes. As all human coronaviruses have similar genomic sizes, far-UVC light would be expected to show similar inactivation efficiency against other human coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2. Low doses of 1.7 and 1.2 mJ/cm 2 inactivated 99.9% of aerosolized coronavirus 229E and OC43, respectively. ![]() We previously demonstrated that 222-nm far-UVC light efficiently kills airborne influenza virus and we extend those studies to explore far-UVC efficacy against airborne human coronaviruses alpha HCoV-229E and beta HCoV-OC43. By contrast, far-UVC light (207–222 nm) efficiently kills pathogens potentially without harm to exposed human tissues. Germicidal ultraviolet light, typically at 254 nm, is effective in this context but, used directly, can be a health hazard to skin and eyes. A direct approach to limit airborne viral transmissions is to inactivate them within a short time of their production. |